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Abstract Introduction Degenerative changes in the otolithic organs have been theorized to be caused by the mechanical obstruction to endolymphatic flow, possibly resulting in endolymphatic hydrops (ELH). Otolin-1 is an otoconial matrix protein that crosses the blood labyrinth barrier and has been found in the serum of healthy and diseased patients. Objective To measure the serum levels of Otolin-1 in Meniere disease (MD) patients and compared them with the healthy individuals. Methods This pilot, cross-sectional study was performed at our tertiary care referral center to compare the serum Otolin-1 levels of healthy individuals with those of MD patients. The blood samples were obtained during patients' visit to the vertigo clinic following remission of an acute episode. The data was analyzed using the Stata/SE version 12.0 (StataCorp. College Station, TX, USA). Comparison between the serum Otolin-1 levels in the two groups was performed using the unpaired t-test. A p-value of 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The participants were divided into two groups, with 31 MD patients, and 30 age and gender-matched members of the control group. The serum levels of Otolin-1 in MD patients (247.6, ± 44.2 pg/ml) were not found to be significantly different from those of the control group (236.2, ± 43.5 pg/ml) (p = 0.31). Conclusion The current study reveals that the serum levels of Otolin-1 are not significantly different between the patients with MD in the interictal phase and the control group's healthy ones.
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Background: Many a young doctors in training find retinal laser photocoagulation a daunting task. However, if correct protocols are followed and checklists are observed, then it is not difficult to have a successful laser sitting with a happy patient. Most of the complications can be avoided with correct settings and techniques. Purpose: To enumerate the basic protocols of retinal laser photocoagulation and provide practical tips including laser settings and checklists for hassle?free laser experience. Synopsis: Laser settings for a pan?retinal photocoagulation (PRP) for proliferative diabetic retinopathy differ from those for a focal laser for macular edema. A fill in PRP is indicated when an active Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is seen after the initial PRP is completed. The settings and protocols for laser photocoagulation for lattice degeneration are different, and various techniques of barrage laser are discussed. Practical tips and checklists are given, which will not be found in any textbooks. Highlights: Animated illustrations and fundus photos are used to explain the correct techniques of performing laser photocoagulation in different indications and scenarios. Detailed instructions and checklists are provided, which can be very useful to avoid complications and medicolegal problems. The practical tips and guidelines in an easy?to?understand manner make this video highly educational for the novice retinal surgeons who want to perfect their technique of retinal laser photocoagulation.
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Background & objectives: Investment in mental health is quite meagre worldwide, including in India. The costs of new interventions must be clarified to ensure the appropriate utilization of available resources. The government of Gujarat implemented QualityRights intervention at six public mental health hospitals. This study was aimed to project the costs of scaling up of the Gujarat QualityRights intervention to understand the additional resources needed for a broader implementation. Methods: Economic costs of the QualityRights intervention were calculated using an ingredients-based approach from the health systems’ perspective. Major activities within the QualityRights intervention included assessment visits, meetings, training of trainers, provision of peer support and onsite training. Results: Total costs of implementing the QualityRights intervention varied from Indian Rupees (?) 0.59 million to ? 2.59 million [1United States Dollars (US $) = ? 74.132] across six intervention sites at 2020 prices with 69-79 per cent of the cost being time cost. Scaling up the intervention to the entire State of Gujarat would require about two per cent increase in financial investment, or about 7.5 per cent increase in total cost including time costs over and above the costs of usual care for people with mental health conditions in public health facilities across the State. Interpretation & conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that human resources were the major cost contributor of the programme. Given the shortage of trained human resources in the mental health sector, appropriate planning during the scale-up phase of the QualityRights intervention is required to ensure all staff members receive the required training, and the treatment is not compromised during this training phase. As only about two per cent increase in financial cost can improve the quality of mental healthcare significantly, the State government can plan for its scale-up across the State.
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Purpose: To determine the association between serum lipid levels and primary open?angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: In this case?control study, 50 patients with POAG documented by clinical tests using standard ophthalmologic equipment and 50 age?matched controls were investigated. Twelve?hour fasting serum lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, low?density lipoproteins (LDLs), and high?density lipoproteins (HDLs), were compared between the cases and controls. Results: The mean age of cases and controls was 62.84 ± 9.68 and 60.12 ± 8.65, respectively (P = 0.65). High total cholesterol levels (>200 mg/dl) were found in 23 cases (46%) and 8 controls (16%); high serum triglyceride levels (>150 mg/dl) were found in 24 cases (48%) and 7 controls (14%); high LDL levels (130 mg/dl) were found in 28 cases (56%) and 9 controls (18%); and low HDL levels (<40 mg/dl) were found in 38 cases (76%) and 30 controls (60%). The mean total cholesterol levels were 205.24 ± 36.90 mg/dl in cases and 177.68 ± 22.56 mg/dl in controls (P < 0.001); the mean serum triglyceride levels were 150.42 ± 49.55 mg/dl and 130.84 ± 23.16 mg/dl, respectively (P = 0.013); and the mean LDL levels were 139.50 ± 31.03 mg/dl and 114.96 ± 17.73 mg/dl, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels were significantly higher in cases than in controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study shows that higher proportion of POAG patients have dyslipidemia compared to age?matched controls. Though these findings need to be replicated by others. This study opens new vistas for further studies, such as lowering dyslipidemia, lowering the intra?ocular pressure and incidence of POAG, and whether the use of statins to reduce dyslipidemia affects the progression of POAG.
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Background: The comparison of triclosan-coated sutures (TCS) was made with conventional nonantimicrobial-coated sutures (NCS) to reduce surgical site infection (SSI). This study demonstrates the efficacy and economic outcome of TCS versus NCS for SSIs in mastectomy in India. Methods: In this retrospective analysis, 100 patients were included for both conditions桾CS and NCS梖rom a private and public hospital in India. A systematic literature search of available evidence for both SSI incidences and TCS efficacy data in India were gathered. We collected cost data from a private and public hospital, respectively, for mastectomy in India. The cost-effectiveness of TCS in comparison with the conventional NCS was calculated using a decision-tree deterministic model. We performed a one-way sensitivity analysis to compare TCS with NCS. Results: Cost savings with the use of TCS increased with an increase in SSI incidence and an increase in efficacy for mastectomies in both public and private hospitals. We found a base cost saving of Indian rupees (INR) 27,299 at a private hospital and INR 2,958 at a public hospital for mastectomies. The incremental cost of TCS suture was 0.01% in a private hospital whereas 0.17% in a public hospital. Conclusion: The use of TCS resulted in reduced SSI incidence and cost savings for mastectomy in India.
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Introduction: An ideal induction agent for general anesthesia should have hemodynamic stability, minimal respiratory side effect and rapid recovery. Presently etomidate and propofol are popular rapid acting inducing agents. Material and methods: After obtaining informed written consent from patients this prospective, randomized, double blind study was conducted in 100 patients of ASA grade 3 and 4 posted for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia. They were divided into two groups of 50 in each group based on random number as group A and group B. The patients in Group A given Inj. Propofol and the patients in Group B received Inj. Etomidate. Parameters such as heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and spo2 were monitored continuously and recorded. Incidence and degree of pain of myoclonic movements were recorded. Demographic variables such as age,Result: gender, weight and ASA grade were comparable no significant difference existed between both the groups.Baseline mean heart rate, mean systolic blood pressure and mean diastolic blood pressure were comparable in both the Groups. (P>0.05)Significant (P<0.05) fall in mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure was observed immediately after induction, at 2, 5, 10 minutes up to 30 minutes in group A (propofol) compare to group B (etomidate). After then no significant difference seen in mean systolic pressure, mean diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure. Etomidate was found ideal for its hemodynamic stability when compared to PropofolConclusion: along with less incidence of pain on injection, the only drawback being high incidence of myoclonus elderly patient.
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Background and Objectives@#Cochlear implantation in late implanted prelinguals necessitates a complex decision-making process for clinicians and patients due to the uncertainty of achieving adequate benefit in auditory and speech perception. This study longitudinally evaluated clinical and social outcomes of prelingually deaf children with implantation in their late childhood. @*Subjects and Methods@#A total of 113 (49 females and 64 males) participants, with an age range of 5-15 years, were assessed for the pre-implant parameters such as hearing loss etiology, aided responses, anatomical aspects, and psychological evaluation. The Category of Auditory Performance, Speech Awareness Threshold, Speech Reception Threshold, and Speech Discrimination Score were administered to assess the patient’s auditory skills. Further, the Speech Intelligibility Rating scale was administered to evaluate the patient’s speech intelligibility at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months post-surgery. Subjectively perceived benefits were evaluated using the satisfaction rating scale and a questionnaire. @*Results@#The statistical results showed a significant impact of cochlear implantation in all domains. Positive impact and improvement post-implantation were noted in all the spheres, including auditory, linguistic, social, and educational. @*Conclusions@#The study highlighted that the outcomes of a cochlear implant at a later age might not parallel with the implantation at a younger age. However, this still provides measurable benefits even after a longer period of auditory deprivation.
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Background and Objectives@#Cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media acquires epithelial proliferation and differentiation characteristics, which render it able to erode the underlying bone and cause complications. We attempt to characterize the cholesteatoma epithelium by observing the expression of cytokeratins (such as 34ße12, CK17, and CK13) and Ki67 among patients with cholesteatoma with different aggressiveness as compared to disease-free controls. @*Subjects and Methods@#In this prospective study (2017-2021), we enrolled all consenting consecutive patients with cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media. They were staged in accordance with the staging guidelines of the European Academy of Otology and Neurotology and the Japanese Otological Society. Bony external auditory canal (EAC) skin specimens of the patients undergoing tympanoplasty were chosen as controls. We did an immunohistochemical analysis of the cholesteatoma specimens and normal bony EAC controls by observing the expression of 34ße12, CK17, CK13, and Ki67 across the layers of the epithelium. Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test were used to evaluate any statistical significance between the cases and the controls, and the subgroups were made based on the clinical stage. @*Results@#An increased expression of CK17 (p<0.001), CK13 (p<0.03), and Ki67 (p<0.001) was observed in cholesteatoma specimens when compared to normal bony EAC controls. Also, there was a loss of expression of 34ße12 in a subset of cholesteatoma specimens, all of which showed full-thickness expression of CK13. There was no difference in the expression of cytokeratin among specimens from patients belonging to different subgroups based on clinical stage, age, sex, duration of ear symptoms, or type of hearing loss (conductive vs. sensorineural). @*Conclusions@#The majority of cholesteatoma specimens significantly overexpressed CK17, CK13, and Ki67 when compared to normal bony EAC skin controls, while a subset showed loss of expression of 34ße12, which provides some insight into its pathogenesis.
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Enterovirus infections (EVI) are ubiquitous and generally present with mild symptoms and have a favorableprognosis with full recovery. But sometimes it can be challenging to diagnose mixed forms of EVI which can result in fatal outcomes. An interesting case report on a patient admitted to the Grodno Regional infectious diseases clinical hospital. The patientwas diagnosed with enteroviral infection. Histological slides of the brain, heart, lung and other systemic organs were prepared on autopsy and are presented in this scientific paper. Generalized EVI in mixed form can cause primary lesions of the brain (destructive edema), the heart (necrotizing cardiomyopathy), and sepsis while also affecting other organ systems. This can lead to unfavorable outcomes similar to that in our case report. Mixed form EVI (meningitis, myocarditis, and sepsis) can progress rapidly towards an adverse course, with the development of severe life-threatening complications. We strongly suggest that mandatory PCR screening for EVI should be carried out in young individuals with sepsis-like diseases and with a fever of unexplained origin at the time of presentation.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pain was distributed differently in the population during the pandemic due to characteristics such as advanced age, population density, socioeconomic status, smoking, presence of chronic diseases, availability of tests to diagnose COVID-19, and access to health care, which negatively affected the quality of life of the infected population. This article aims to describe information about patients with chronic pain and the interventions received in the scenario of the advent of telemedicine during the COVID -19 pandemic. METHODS: An integrative literature review was developed. The search was conducted in the Pubmed database in January 2022, and articles between 2019 and 2022 were selected, for a total of 18 articles, of which 8 were used. RESULTS: New challenges directly related to COVID-19 infection have led to a paradigm in the management of patients with chronic pain, from chronic use of inappropriate current drugs to socioeconomic impacts that negatively affect pain modulation. Loss and bereavement can be complicated in the context of COVID -19 and contribute to psychological and emotional morbidity that increases patients vulnerability to chronic pain. CONCLUSIONS: Palliative care is vital in the management of chronic pain in all individuals affected by the pandemic. Therefore, there is a need for public policies to recognize, strengthen, and guarantee access to palliative care in the population affected by COVID-19, as well as in those with physical and emotional sequelae of this illness.
RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor foi distribuída de diferentes formas na população durante a pandemia devido a características como idade avançada, densidade populacional, status socioeconômico, tabagismo, presença de doenças crônicas, disponibilidade de testes para diagnosticar a COVID-19 e acesso aos cuidados de saúde, o que afetou negativamente a qualidade de vida da população infectada. O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever informações sobre pacientes com dor crônica e as intervenções recebidas no cenário do advento da Telemedicina durante a pandemia de COVID-19. MÉTODOS: Desenvolveu-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca foi realizada em janeiro de 2022, sendo selecionados artigos entre 2019 e 2022, totalizando 18 artigos, destes, 8 foram utilizados. RESULTADOS: Novos desafios diretamente relacionados à infecção por COVID-19 trouxeram um paradigma quanto ao manejo de pacientes com dor crônica, desde o uso crônico de fármacos inadequados para o momento em vigência até impactos socioeconômicos que têm resultados negativos na modulação da dor. Perda e luto podem ser complicados no contexto da COVID-19 e contribuir para a morbidade psicológica e emocional causando o aumento da suscetibilidade do paciente em apresentar dor crônica. CONCLUSÃO: Os cuidados paliativos são vitais no manejo da dor crônica em todos os indivíduos afetados pela pandemia. Portanto, há necessidade de políticas públicas para reconhecer, fortalecer e garantir o acesso aos cuidados paliativos para os indivíduos afetados pela COVID-19, bem como para aqueles com sequelas físicas e emocionais desta doença.
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Introduction: The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) was first reported by officials in Wuhan City, in December 2019. It has rapidly spread with confirmed cases in almost every country across the world and has caused a global public health crisis.¹ The epidemiological update of the World Health Organization on 9th March 2021 showed that over 2.7 million new cases were reported. In this article, a biblometrical analysis of trending topics and what is being researched regarding COVID-19 and its neurological involvement is done. Methods: This research was conducted on the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS). For research in WoS, keywords in English were used, according to DeCS - Descriptors in Health Sciences. The search strategy with Boolean operators was: TS = (SARS-CoV-2 OR COVID-19) AND TS=(Neurologic Findings OR Neurology OR Neurologic Manifestations). Results: In total, 392 scientific productions were identified and included in this bibliometric analysis. The studies were published in the period between March 2020 and March 2021, with records prevalent in the themes of clinical neurology (n=234) and neurosciences (n=134), as well as several other areas. The thirty studies collected a total of 3395 citations, with variations from 1433 to 26 and average of 113 citations per study. All were published in 2020, with bigger prevalence in July (nine articles) and June (six articles). Conclusion: It is expected that this bibliometric survey will serve as a manner of presenting the main topics of study within neurology before COVID-19, in addition providing guidance for future research.
Introdução: O novo Coronavírus (COVID-19) foi relatado pela primeira vez por autoridades na cidade de Wuhan, em dezembro de 2019. Ele se espalhou rapidamente com casos confirmados em quase todos os países do mundo e causou uma crise global de saúde pública. A atualização epidemiológica da Organização Mundial da Saúde em 9 de março de 2021 mostrou que mais de 2,7 milhões de novos casos foram relatados. Neste artigo, é feita uma análise biblométrica dos trending topics e do que está sendo pesquisado sobre o COVID-19 e seu envolvimento neurológico. Métodos: Esta pesquisa foi realizada na Web of Science Core Collection (WoS). Para a pesquisa na WoS, foram utilizadas palavras-chave em inglês, conforme DeCS - Descritores em Ciências da Saúde. A estratégia de busca com operadores booleanos foi: TS = (SARS-CoV-2 OR COVID-19) AND TS= (Neurologic Findings OR Neurology OR Neurologic Manifestations). Resultados: No total, 392 produções científicas foram identificadas e incluídas nesta análise bibliométrica. Os estudos foram publicados no período entre março de 2020 e março de 2021, com registros prevalentes nos temas de neurologia clínica (n=234) e neurociências (n=134), além de diversas outras áreas. Os trinta estudos coletaram um total de 3.395 citações, com variações de 1.433 a 26 e média de 113 citações por estudo. Todos foram publicados em 2020, com maior prevalência em julho (nove artigos) e junho (seis artigos). Conclusão: Espera-se que este levantamento bibliométrico sirva como forma de apresentar os principais tópicos de estudo dentro da neurologia antes da COVID-19, além de fornecer orientações para pesquisas futuras.
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Purpose: To describe the demographics and epidemiology of uveitis presenting to a multi?tier ophthalmology hospital network in Southern India. Methods: Cross?sectional hospital?based study of 19,352 patients with uveitis presenting between March 2012 and August 2018. Results: In total, 1,734,272 new patients were seen across the secondary and tertiary centers of our multi?tier ophthalmology hospital network during the study period. Among them, 25,353 eyes of 19,352 patients were diagnosed with uveitis and were included in the study. Uveitis constituted 1.11% of all cases. The majority of patients were male (60.33%) and had unilateral (68.09%) affliction. The most common age group was 21� years with 12,204 (63.06%) patients. The most common type of uveitis was anterior uveitis, which was seen in 7380 (38.14%) patients, followed by posterior uveitis in 5397 (23.89%) patients. Among the infectious causes, tuberculosis was the most common etiology (2551 patients, 13%) followed by toxoplasmosis (1147 patients, 6%). Conclusion: Uveitis constituted 1.11% of all cases presenting to our clinics. It was more common in the age group of 21� and was predominantly unilateral. Anterior uveitis was the most common subtype seen in 38%.
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A nondescript sow with the history of delivering eight piglets and one remain in uterus since three days but unable to deliver was reported. The case was diagnosed as dystocia due to uterine inertia and laparohysterotomy was performed under general anesthesia, one male dead piglet was recovered successfully. The animal showed uneventful recovery.
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During pandemic, eye banks worldwide faced drastic reduction of corneal retrieval. Since precut tissues are uncommon in India, the onus is on corneal surgeons to maximize the donor corneal usage. The stumbling block making the stromal part unusable in the graft preparation of the Descemet membrane endothelial Keratoplasty is the stromal window creation to place the orientation mark on the stromal side of the folded graft. To overcome this, we simply marked directly on the folded Descemet graft, after partly stripping it from the donor cornea. Then, we unfolded, punched, and created two grafts after completely stripping it, retaining the Descemet part for the endothelial Keratoplasty and the stromal part for lamellar Keratoplasty. Initially, we used a special F marker, and later we marked an L using just a spatula. This simple technique needing no extra donor tissue or instrumentation maximizes the tissue utility with proper patient selection.
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The present study was undertaken to investigate the toxicological effect of ?uoride (as NaF) on chromatophores in skin of larvivorous fish, Poecilia reticulata Peters after chronic exposure. Guppy is supposed to be amongst the most colourpolymorphic vertebrates in the animal kingdom. Fish were exposed to three sub-lethal concentrations of Sodium fluoride viz. lowest (5.75 ppm), lower intermediate (7.18 ppm) and higher intermediate (9.58 ppm), which were selected on the basis of 96 hrs. LC value of 115 ppm. 50 Anomalous behavioral alterations observed in NaF intoxicated fish were restlessness, erratic swimming movement, periodic surface to bottom movement, recurrent surfacing activity, loss of equilibrium, amplified gulping and increased opercular activity were pragmatically seen. Significant variation in colouration was observed in all the experimental groups as compared to control. The melanophores showed notable pigment aggregation state and/or pigment dispersion state. Structurally, melanophores were distinguished into three types viz., reticulate, stellate and punctuate. The severity in distortion of structure and number of chromatophore increased with increasing concentrations of fluoride. Several distortions in morphology and even functional integrity of chromatophores when compared with the control group were observed, for instance, rupture of pigment cells accompanied by breakage in dendritic processes, conversion of one type of chromatophore into another type, augmentation and detachment between adjacent chromatophores, variation in number with complete loss of cellular activity. The derangement in structural integrity was observed to be dose dependent and increased with increasing concentrations of Sodium fluoride, thus making the fish unfit for survival. The attractive pigmentation of the male Guppy fish was abridged making them less attractive for their mate thus affecting reproductive potential of the fish.
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RESUMEN Fundamento: el hematoma duodenal es una entidad poco frecuente y para su diagnóstico es preciso considerar la existencia de factores de riesgo, las manifestaciones clínicas y el modo de diagnóstico, entre estos, el imagenológico. Objetivo: mostrar distintas formas clínicas e imagenológicas de presentación del hematoma duodenal según tipo de estudio y tiempo de evolución. Presentación de casos: se presentaron tres casos de hematoma duodenal diagnosticados en diferentes periodos evolutivos. El antecedente traumático no fue recogido al inicio en dos de ellos pero las investigaciones imagenológicas orientaron su diagnóstico. El vómito y el dolor abdominal estuvieron presentes en los tres, la anemia, el tinte sub-ictérico y la toma del estado general en el caso de diagnóstico tardío de tres meses de evolución. El cuadro oclusivo intestinal alto surge secundario a una endoscopia con escleroterapia por úlcera sangrante en el tercer caso de forma aguda. En la ecografía, la radiografía contrastada del tubo digestivo y la tomografía axial computarizada se apreciaron variaciones del patrón en dependencia al tiempo de evolución. La ecografía como primer estudio detectó la colección en todos ellos y fue útil en el seguimiento, el estudio radiológico contrastado orientó el diagnóstico con predominio de patrón anfractuoso en el caso tardío, y la tomografía ofreció la mayor información. Conclusiones: para el diagnóstico del hematoma duodenal es necesario tenerlo presente e indagar sobre factores de riesgo, acudir a los medios diagnósticos disponibles y considerar que sus manifestaciones pueden variar según el tiempo de evolución. Se considera la tomografía como examen de elección.
ABSTRACT Background: the duodenal hematoma is an infrequent entity, usually of late diagnosis, which should be made according to risk factors, the clinical manifestations and imaging studies. Objective: to show different clinical and imaging forms of presentation of duodenal hematoma according to type of imaging study and time of progress. Cases reports: three cases of duodenal hematoma diagnosed in different follow up periods are presented. The history of the trauma was not recorded at the beginning in two cases neither considered as a predisposing factor, but the diagnostic research suspected the diagnosis. Vomiting and abdominal pain was seen in all three cases. Anemia, sub-jaundice dye and malaise were present at three months of follow up. Upper acute intestinal occlusive condition was secondary to endoscopic sclera-therapy due to digestive bleeding in the third case. Ultrasound, contrast radiography of the digestive tube and computerized axial tomography showed variations of the pattern depending on the modifications of the hematoma over time. Ultrasound as the first study detected the collection in all cases and was useful in the follow-up. Contrast radiological study was oriented towards the diagnosis and show predominance of regular patterns in case of late diagnosis. The Tomography achieved a greater diagnostic definition. Conclusions: for the diagnosis of duodenal hematoma, it is necessary to take into account and think about risk factors, and the proper management of imaging studies in relation to time of progress. Tomography is the examination of choice.
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Background: MCI is a transitional period between normal ageing and clinically probable early Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD). ERC volumes show early reduction in cases of MCI in comparison to the normal ageing subjects. Early cognitive impairment can be documented with ERC atrophy on MR volumetry. Aim of the study was to evaluate the volume of entorhinal cortex in patients of MCI and to compared the volume with patients of normal cognition. Secondarily, we studied changes in the volume of entorhinal cortex with increasing ageMethods: In this study 30 patients of 60 years and above with MCI and 30 controls of normal cognition (age and sex matched) underwent brain examination on 3T MRI. Volume of entorhinal cortex was measured on 1 mm thick T1 coronal oblique MR scans by manually tracing the boundaries defined by two widely used methods i.e. Insausti et al and Goncharova et al.Results: Patients with MCI showed 17.2% decline in the entorhinal cortex volume compared to controls (p value = 0.001). Patients of older age showed significantly more ERC volume reduction, reaching up to 30.4% in comparison to younger subjects suggesting atrophy of ERC in normal aging and in MCI both, but more so in patients with cognitive impairment.Conclusions: ERC atrophy was found in MCI cases more than controls, increase atrophy trend was noted with increasing age. MR volumetry may play a role for documentation of ERC atrophy in cases of MCI.
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The present investigation was conducted to assess the effect of Shatavari root powder (Asparagus racemosus) supplementation on milk composition of Sahiwal crossbred cows during summer season on twenty lactating Sahiwal crossbred (H.F. × Sahiwal) cows in early stage of lactation were selected for the experiment. All the cows were randomly divided into two groups T1 (control) and T2 (Treatment) of 10 in each group. The treatment group was provided Shatavari root powder @ 50 g/head/day for 90 days post partum. Data related to milk composition takes fortnightly interval. The overall average milk fat, Protein and Lactose percent during the experimental period in T1 and T2 groups were 3.77 ± 0.01, 3.84 ± 0.03, 3.43 ± 0.01 and 3.46 ± 0.01, 4.54 ± 0.06 and 4.69 ± 0.06 percent respectively, there was no significant (P<0.05) differences between T1 and T2 groups. The overall average solid not fat (values) and total solid (values) differed significantly (P<0.05) between T1 and T2 groups 8.84 ± 0.04, 9.11 ± 0.11, 12.66 ± 0.03 and 13.02 ± 0.14% in T1 and T2 groups was significantly (P<0.05)
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Introduction: "Adolescence" literally means "to emerge"or "to attain identity" and is essentially the period of rapidphysical and psychological development. The World HealthOrganization (WHO) defines “adolescent” as an individualbetween 10 to 19 years of age. About 19.7% of Indianpopulation is adolescents. Nutritional health problems areone of the important health problem faced by adolescents.Prevalence of anemia in adolescents (15-19 years) girls is54%. Underweight is seen among 46.4% adolescent girls.Hence this study was conducted to find out nutritional healthproblems of adolescent girls in a rural area of Nagpur district.Menstrual hygiene was also studied.Material and methods: A cross sectional study was carriedout in one of the randomly selected school in a rural area ofNagpur. Calculated sample size was 145, though the studywas carried out on 150 adolescent girls in August 2019 usinga pre-designed and pre- tested questionnaire.Results: Mean age of study participants was 14.87± 2.77years. Prevalence of anemia was found to be 80%. Prevalenceof undernutrition was 36%. None of the student receivedweekly iron and folic acid tablets in last three months. Only28% study subjects received information of menstrual hygieneprior to menarche.Conclusion: Prevalence of anemia and undernutrition wasfound to be high in a school of rural area of Nagpur district.WIFS program should be strengthened through inter-sectoralcollaboration among health and education sectors